{"id":123,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/123\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 123:"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 123: <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>In some languages objects [sic] \u2014 whether objects of transitive or subjects of intransitive sentences \u2014 may be alternatively marked by an accusative-nominative marker or by a partitive marker, and this marking difference does not correlate with any difference in semantic case function, but it correlates at least in some cases with one or more of the following semantic properties of the verbs or nouns involved: <br \/>a. the definiteness-indefiniteness of the noun phrase; <br \/>b. the extent to which the object is involved in the event; <br \/>c. the completedness vs. non-completedness of the event; <br \/>d. whether the sentence is affirmative or negative.<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>Objects of transitive or subjects of intransitive sentences (absolutives) may be alternatively marked by an accusative-nominative or by a partitive, and this marking difference does not correlate with any difference in semantic case function, but with one or more of the following semantic properties of the verbs or nouns involved: <br \/>a. the definiteness-indefiniteness of the noun phrase; <br \/>b. the extent to which the object is involved in the event; <br \/>c. the completedness vs. non-completedness of the event; <br \/>d. whether the sentence is affirmative or negative.<\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>direct object, subject, case, accusative, nominative, partitive, definiteness, involvement, completedness, affirmation, negation<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>inflection, syntax, semantics<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>unconditional<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>achronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>not strictly a universal; but see Comments<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>Latvian, Lithuanian (both Baltic, IE), Polish, Russian (both Slavic, IE), Gothic (extinct, E. Germanic, IE), Estonian, Finnish (both Finnic, Uralic), Basque (isolate)<\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd>inferred from <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Moravcsik_1978a\">Moravcsik 1978a<\/a>: 272<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 123: Original In some languages objects [sic] \u2014 whether objects of transitive or subjects of intransitive sentences \u2014 may be alternatively marked by an&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/123\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 123:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}