{"id":136,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/136\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 136:"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 136: <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"..\/img\/graphics\/136a.gif\" alt=\"\"><br \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"..\/img\/graphics\/136b.gif\" alt=\"\"><br \/>[IF one of the relations of (i) alienability, (ii) inalienability, and (iii) classification is realized formally by a certain construction, THEN no relations below it on the hierarchy may be realized by a different construction used for relations higher on the hierarchy. <\/p>\n<p>LIKEWISE:<br \/>IF a particular construction encodes a semantic relation of a certain type, THEN no construction for a relation below it will encode a semantic relation higher on the scale.]<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>IF one of the relations of (i) alienability, (ii) inalienability, and (iii) classification is realized formally by a certain construction, THEN no relations below it on the hierarchy may be realized by a different construction used for relations higher on the hierarchy. <\/p>\n<p>LIKEWISE:<br \/>IF a particular construction encodes a semantic relation of a certain type, THEN no construction for a relation below it will encode a semantic relation higher on the scale. <\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>possession, alienable, inalienable, classification, compound, head-marking, dependent-marking<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>morphology, syntax, semantics<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>implicational hierarchy<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>achronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>absolute<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>20 languages from 15 different families: Mandarin Chinese, Burmese (Sino-Tibetan), Manam, Tolai, Paamese (Austronesian), Turkish, Mongolian (Altaic), Ewe (Tano-Congo), Acholi (West Nilotic), Kpelle (Mande), Gooniyandi (Bunuban, Australian), Nyulnyul (Nyulnyulan, Australian), Yidin, Jaru (both Pama-Nyungan, Australian), Fore (East Central Highlands), Maisin (unclassified), Amele (Madang, Trans-New Guinea), Imbambura Quechua (Andean), Tzutujil (Mayan), Kiowa (Kiowa-Tanoan), English (Germanic, IE)<\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Chappel_1989\">Chappel &#038; McGregor 1989<\/a>: 31-32<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 136: Original [IF one of the relations of (i) alienability, (ii) inalienability, and (iii) classification is realized formally by a certain construction, THEN no&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/136\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 136:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}