{"id":1449,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/1449\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 1445:"},"content":{"rendered":"

Universal 1445: <\/h3>\n
\n
Original<\/dt>\n
In an overwhelming majority of languages, there is a special form to denote the metaperson ‘hearer’ in the singular.<\/dd>\n
Standardized<\/dt>\n
In an overwhelming majority of languages, there is a special form to denote the metaperson ‘hearer’ in the singular.<\/dd>\n
Keywords<\/dt>\n
personal pronoun, person, 2nd, hearer, number, singular<\/dd>\n
Domain<\/dt>\n
inflection, syntax, lexicon<\/dd>\n
Type<\/dt>\n
unconditional<\/dd>\n
Status<\/dt>\n
achronic<\/dd>\n
Quality<\/dt>\n
statistical<\/dd>\n
Basis<\/dt>\n
400 world-wide distributed languages, see Sokolovskaja 1980<\/a>: 98-99; Sokolovskaja surveyed systems of independent personal pronouns only. <\/dd>\n
Source<\/dt>\n
Sokolovskaja 1980<\/a>: 91, U 7<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Counterexamples<\/dt>\n
Khmer (Mon-Khmer, Austroasiatic), Kawi (=Old Javanese), Javanese (both Sundic, W. Malayo-Polynesian), Nimboran (Trans-New Guinea), Thai (Daic, Austroasiatic), Sioux (Siouan), Siyin (Burmic, Sino-Tibetan), Haitian, Martinique (both Creole, French-based), Sranan (Creole, English-based), some Spanish dialects spoken in America, Aleut (Eskimo-Aleut) (Sokolovskaja 1980);Aymara, Jaqaru (Andean), where personal pronominal forms are not specified for number, i.e. the form X can be used referring to ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’, ‘hearer’ in non-singular, as well as to ‘hearer’ in singular. E.g. Aymara YUMA means \u2018thou, you\u2019 (for details see Hardman-de-Bautista 1974: 32-3, Hardman 1966) (EF)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Universal 1445: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, there is a special form to denote the metaperson ‘hearer’ in the singular. Standardized In an…<\/p>\n

Read moreUniversal 1445:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1449"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1449\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}