{"id":1502,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/1502\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 1498:"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 1498: <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>A hierarchy of grammaticalization from verb to complementizer to adverbial conjunction.<br \/>If a language uses the morpheme at a given level on the hierarchy, it will use it at all the previous levels:<br \/>1. quotative particle;<br \/>2. quotative\/complementizer with \u2018say\u2019;<br \/>3. quotative\/complementizer with \u2018know\u2019;<br \/>4. quotative\/complementizer with \u2018believe\u2019;<br \/>5. quotative\/complementizer with \u2018hope\u2019;<br \/>6. conjunction with purpose clause;<br \/>7. conjunction with reason clause;<br \/>8. marker with question word;<br \/>9. complementizer with embedded question;<br \/>10. conjunction with conditional clause;<br \/>11. comparative marker.<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a comparative marker, THEN it is also used as a conjunction with conditional clause.<br \/>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a conjunction with conditional clause, THEN it is also used as a complementizer with embedded question. <br \/>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a complementizer with embedded question, THEN it is also used as a marker with question word.<br \/>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a marker with question word, THEN it is also used as a conjunction with reason clause. <br \/>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a conjunction with reason clause, THEN it is also used as a conjunction with purpose clause. <br \/>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a conjunction with purpose clause, THEN it is also used as a quotative\/complementizer with \u2018hope\u2019. <br \/>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a quotative\/complementizer with \u2018hope\u2019, THEN it is also used as a quotative\/complementizer with \u2018believe\u2019. <br \/>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a quotative\/complementizer with \u2018believe\u2019, THEN it is also use as a quotative\/complementizer with \u2018know\u2019. <br \/>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a quotative\/complementizer with \u2018know\u2019, THEN it is also used as a quotative\/complementizer with \u2018say\u2019.<br \/>IF a de-verbal morpheme is used as a quotative\/complementizer with \u2018say\u2019, THEN it is also used as a quotative particle. <\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>grammaticalization, verb, complementizer, adverbial conjunction<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>morphology<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>implicational hierarchy<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>diachronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>statistical<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>38 languages surveyed by <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/ref\/source_ref.php#Saxena_1988\">Saxena 1988<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Saxena_1988\">Saxena 1988<\/a>, cited after <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Lord_1993\">Lord 1993<\/a>: 210-211<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 1498: Original A hierarchy of grammaticalization from verb to complementizer to adverbial conjunction.If a language uses the morpheme at a given level on the&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/1502\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 1498:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1502"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1502\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}