{"id":1514,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/1514\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 1510: Direct object (two-place verb) > Direct object (bitransitive verb) > Coargument NP > Non-coargument NP > NP in a non-finite subordinate clause > NP in a finite subordinate clause."},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 1510: Direct object (two-place verb) > Direct object (bitransitive verb) > Coargument NP > Non-coargument NP > NP in a non-finite subordinate clause > NP in a finite subordinate clause. <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>Hierarchy of reflexive position:<br \/>Direct object (two-place verb) > Direct object (bitransitive verb) > Coargument NP > Non-coargument NP > NP in a non-finite subordinate clause > NP in a finite subordinate clause. <\/p>\n<p>(i) If a pronoun is bound in positions X and Y, it is also bound in all intermediate positions between X and Y.<br \/>(ii) If a pronoun is free in positions X and Y, it is also free in all interdmediate positions.<br \/>(iii) If a reflexive pronoun A is morphologically complex than a reflexive pronoun B, the positions in which A occurs cannot be to the right of the positions in which A occurs.<br \/>(iv) If a non-syntactic (i.e. logophoric or emphatic) use of a reflexive pronoun is available in a position X, it is available in all positions to the right of X.<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>IF a pronoun is bound in positions X and Y, THEN it is also bound in all intermediate positions between X and Y.<br \/>IF a pronoun is free in positions X and Y, THEN it is also free in all interdmediate positions.<br \/>IF a reflexive pronoun A is morphologically complex than a reflexive pronoun B, THEN the positions in which A occurs cannot be to the right of the positions in which A occurs.<br \/>IF a non-syntactic (i.e. logophoric or emphatic) use of a reflexive pronoun is available in a position X, THEN it is available in all positions to the right of X.<\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>reflexive <\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>inflection, syntax<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>implicational hierarchy<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>achronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>absolute?<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>English, Norwegian (both Germanic), Russian (Slavic), Marathi (Indic), Northern Pomo (Hokan), Daghestanian (= East Caucasian) languages, including Avar (Avar), Tsakhur (Lezgian), Godoberi (Andian), and others. <\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Testelec_1998\">Testelec &#038; Toldova 1998<\/a>: 53; a similar hierarchy was first outlined by <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Manzini_1987\">Manzini &#038; Wexler 1987<\/a>, cf. its later version in <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Dalrymple_1993\">Dalrymple 1993<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd>Bamana (Mande, Niger-Congo) (Vydrin 1999)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 1510: Direct object (two-place verb) > Direct object (bitransitive verb) > Coargument NP > Non-coargument NP > NP in a non-finite subordinate clause >&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/1514\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 1510: Direct object (two-place verb) &gt; Direct object (bitransitive verb) &gt; Coargument NP &gt; Non-coargument NP &gt; NP in a non-finite subordinate clause &gt; NP in a finite subordinate clause.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1514"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}