{"id":179,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/179\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 179: agreement in Case ⇒ agreement in Gender ⇒ agreement in Number"},"content":{"rendered":"

Universal 179: agreement in Case ⇒ agreement in Gender ⇒ agreement in Number<\/h3>\n
\n
Original<\/dt>\n
There is a hierarchy: Number > Gender > Case, such that if some target agrees in one category on the hierarchy then it will also agree in all categories higher on the hierarchy.<\/dd>\n
Standardized<\/dt>\n
IF a target agrees in Case, THEN it also agrees in Number and Gender.
IF a target agrees in Gender, THEN it also agrees in Number.<\/dd>\n
Keywords<\/dt>\n
agreement, number, case, gender, target<\/dd>\n
Domain<\/dt>\n
inflection, syntax<\/dd>\n
Type<\/dt>\n
implicational hierarchy<\/dd>\n
Status<\/dt>\n
achronic<\/dd>\n
Quality<\/dt>\n
a Euroversal rather than a universal<\/dd>\n
Basis<\/dt>\n
European languages<\/dd>\n
Source<\/dt>\n
Linfer 1992<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Counterexamples<\/dt>\n
Dutch (W. Germanic, Indo-European): adjectives agree in gender but not in number (Hurford & Kirby).Persian (Iranian, Indo-European), Arabic (W. Semitic, Afro-Asiatic), Hungarian (Ugric, Uralic), Turkish (Turkic, Altaic): intensifiers agree in case and number (and person) but not in gender (P. Siemund, p.c.).In West Greenlandic (Eskimo-Aleut) and in Hopi (Uto-Aztecan) demonstratives agree in case and number but not in gender (Plank 1994a: 56). Earlier Egyptian (Afro-Asiatic): adnominal adjectives agree in gender but feminines show (at least in written language) no distinction of singular and plural forms.Coptic (Egyptian, Afro-Asiatic): most adjectives do not agree any longer with their head nouns. Among the exceptions are some distinguishing a masculine and a feminine form but not number. (F. Kammerzell, p.c.)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Universal 179: agreement in Case ⇒ agreement in Gender ⇒ agreement in Number Original There is a hierarchy: Number > Gender > Case, such that…<\/p>\n

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