{"id":1890,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/1890\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 1885:"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 1885: <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>The Cleftability Hierarchy:<br \/>Subject > Direct Object > Indirect Object > Oblique NP > Genitive NP > Object of Comparison.<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>IF Object of Comparison can be clefted, THEN Genitive NP can be clefted as well. <br \/>IF Genitive NP can be clefted, THEN Oblique NP can be clefted as well.<br \/>IF Oblique NP can be clefted, THEN Indirect Object can be clefted as well.<br \/>IF Indirect Object can be clefted, THEN Direct Object can be clefted as well.<br \/>IF Direct Object can be clefted, THEN Subject can be clefted as well.<\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>cleft, subject, direct object, indirect, oblique, attributive, comparison<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>syntax<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>implicational hierarchy<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>achronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>statistical<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>languages mentioned in <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/ref\/source_ref.php#Luo_1993\">Luo 1993<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Luo_1993\">Luo 1993<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd>1. In many syntactically ergative languages, ergative NPs may not be as easily cleftable as absolutive NPs. In order for an ergative NP to be cleftable, it must first become an absolutive NP through antipassivization. Referring to Comrie\u2019s (1978) definition of \u2018subject\u2019, Luo amends the Cleftability Hierarchy thus:Subject [Acc: NP(nom.); Erg: NP (S, P)] > DO [Acc: NP(acc.); Erg: NP(A)] > IO >&#8230;. .2. In Chinese, while subject, indirect object and oblique NPs are all cleftable, direct object is not. (Luo 1993: 192)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 1885: Original The Cleftability Hierarchy:Subject > Direct Object > Indirect Object > Oblique NP > Genitive NP > Object of Comparison. Standardized IF Object&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/1890\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 1885:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1890"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1890\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}