{"id":1995,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/1995\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 1989:"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 1989: <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>simplification &#8230; in the typologically expected direction &#8230;<br \/>In the process of category-collapsing, we normally expect as well as find the non-human or neuter as the unmarked one which takes over the function of &#8216;human&#8217; and not vice versa.<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>When gender distinctions are being neutralized in pronominal or other relevant paradigms by way of morphological replacement, non-human or neuter forms win out, replacing human\/non-neuter forms, rather than vice versa.<\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>gender, neuter, animacy, markedness, neutralization<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>inflection<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>unconditional<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>diachronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>statistical<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>Dravidian, otherwise impressionistic<\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Krishnamurti_2001\">Krishnamurti 1975\/2001<\/a>: 137<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd>H\u00e1lakki Kanna#a (Dravidian): for demonstrative\/3rd person pronouns, the neuter (= not human male) form has ousted the human male form. <Author>Germanic lgs eliminating gender distinctions in the plural never (so far as I know) generalized the neuter; the masculine or more rarely the feminine tended to be the winner. The question, however, is whether these were morphological replacements rather than phonological obliterations of formal contrasts. <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 1989: Original simplification &#8230; in the typologically expected direction &#8230;In the process of category-collapsing, we normally expect as well as find the non-human or&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/1995\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 1989:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1995","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1995"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1995\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}