{"id":2034,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/2034\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 2028:"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 2028: <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>Generally agreed upon &#8220;facts&#8221; about contour tones (marked = more complex, rarer):<\/p>\n<p>(a) contour tones are more marked than level tones;<br \/>(b) rising tones are more marked than falling tones;<br \/>(c) rising-falling and falling-rising tones are more marked than rising and falling tones.<\/p>\n<p>Markedness generalizations:<br \/>The more marked a tone is, <br \/>(i) the more likely it is absent in a tone system;<br \/>(ii) the more likely it is to be restricted to a hospitable tone bearing unit (e.g. long, prominent, sonorous).<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>Generally agreed upon &#8220;facts&#8221; about contour tones (marked = more complex, rarer):<br \/>(a) contour tones are more marked than level tones;<br \/>(b) rising tones are more marked than falling tones;<br \/>(c) rising-falling and falling-rising tones are more marked than rising and falling tones.<br \/>Markedness generalizations:The more marked a tone is, (i) the more likely it is absent in a tone system;(ii) the more likely it is to be restricted to a hospitable tone bearing unit (e.g. long, prominent, sonorous).<\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>tone, contour tone, level tone, markedness<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>phonology<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>implication<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>achronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>absolute?<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>&#8220;general agreement of experts&#8221;<\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Hyman_2003\">Hyman 2003<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 2028: Original Generally agreed upon &#8220;facts&#8221; about contour tones (marked = more complex, rarer): (a) contour tones are more marked than level tones;(b) rising&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/2034\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 2028:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2034"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}