{"id":266,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/266\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 265:"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 265: <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>Active languages are characterized by dividing nouns into active (\u201canimate\u201d) and inactive (\u201cinanimate\u201d) classes and by the corresponding principle of dividing verbs into active (verbs of action) and stative (verbs of state) groups. Both of these groups form \u201ccovert\u201d categories. Corresponding syntactic correlates are the opposition between active and inactive constructions and the distinction between near and distant objects.<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>IF alignment is predominantly active, THEN both nouns and verbs are subdivided into active and inactive classes (animate vs. inanimate, action vs. state), and there is a corresponding distinction of active vs. inactive syntactic constructions, showing a distinction of objects into &#8220;near&#8221; and &#8220;distant&#8221; rather than direct and indirect\/oblique. <\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>alignment, active, noun, noun classification, animacy, verb, verb classification, action, state, object, direct, indirect, oblique<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>inflection, syntax, lexicon<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>implication<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>achronic but presumably diachronically motivated<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>absolute<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>languages of North and South America, some ancient languages of the New East (esp. Elamite)<\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Klimov_1977\">Klimov 1977<\/a>: 83 <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 265: Original Active languages are characterized by dividing nouns into active (\u201canimate\u201d) and inactive (\u201cinanimate\u201d) classes and by the corresponding principle of dividing verbs&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/266\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 265:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=266"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}