{"id":43,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/43\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 43:"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 43: <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>New (not borrowed) case forms enter the nominal morphology through the affixation of adpositions, but such a development is possible only if the unmarked word order in the NP is either (a) (modifiers and\/or numerals) N (postposition), or; (b) (preposition) N (modifiers and\/or numerals).<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>Case affixes can be grammaticalized from adpositions only if the noun is not separated from the adposition in the unmarked word order in the NP; i.e., if the unmarked order is either (a) (Modifiers and\/or Numerals) N Postposition, or (b) Preposition N (Modifiers and\/or Numerals).<\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>case, adposition, preposition, postposition, NP, noun, modifier, numeral, order, grammaticalization<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>inflection, syntax<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>target < source<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>diachronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>almost absolute <\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>languages mentioned in <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/ref\/source_ref.php#Kahr_1976\">Kahr 1976<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Kahr_1976\">Kahr 1976<\/a>: 145<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd>To (a): Nivkh (isolate) (Panfilov 1974) and Sel\u2019kup (S. Samoyedic, Uralic) (Bekker 1974), where a postposition may be reduced to a suffix while not being affixed exclusively to nouns.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 43: Original New (not borrowed) case forms enter the nominal morphology through the affixation of adpositions, but such a development is possible only if&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/43\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 43:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}