{"id":448,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/448\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 447: verb-initial &rArr; preposition V case prefixes"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 447: verb-initial &rArr; preposition V case prefixes<\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>If a language has verb-initial word order, then it has prepositions or case prefixes.<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>IF basic order is verb-initial, THEN there will be prepositions or case prefixes.<\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>order, verb-initial, preposition, case, affix, prefix<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>inflection, syntax<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>implication<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>achronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>absolute<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>sample of <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/ref\/source_ref.php#Rijkhoff_1992\">Rijkhoff 1992<\/a>: ch.9<\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Rijkhoff_1992\">Rijkhoff 1992<\/a>: 249<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd>The same as to Greenberg\u2019s universal #1:1. Iraqw (Cushitic, Afro-Asiatic), Khamti (Tai, Daic), standard Persian (Iranian, IE), Amharic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic) (Greenberg 1963: 105, fn. 8); Papago (Tepiman, Uto-Aztecan) (Greenberg 1963: 107, add. note) [but see Comment 4]; Cora (Corachol, Uto-Aztecan) and Tepehuan (Tepiman, Uto-Aztecan) are both VSO but have postpositions; Tetelcingo Aztec (Uto-Aztecan), also VSO, has both prepositions and postpositions (Pickett 1983: 539).2. I\u00f1apari (Arawak): verb-initial, postpositions; other properties: head-marking, polysynthetic, split-ergative cross-referencing (Parker 1995, reviewed by Aikhenvald 1998).3. Yagua (Peba-Yaguan): verb-initial, postpositions; other properties: Gen N, N Adj (Payne 1986). 4. Guajajara (Tupi-Guarani): verb initial, postpositions; other properties: Gen N, N Adj (Harrison 1983, 1986).5. Nomatsiguenga (Arawak): verb-initial, postpositions; other properties: N Gen, N Adj &#038; Adj N (Payne 1986: 458, Wise 1971). 6. Majang (Surma, Nilo-Saharan): verb-initial and postpositions (Dryer 1997: 132).7. Old Egyptian (Afro-Asiatic): VSO and TopicV(Agr)O, prepositions, but also two postpositions (-js \u2018like\u2019, -jsT \u2018and\u2019) that have been interpreted as relics of Afro-Asiatic case affixes (for details see Zeidler 1992: 213-214)(F. Kammerzell, p.c.).8. Baure, Ignaciano, Machiguenga (all Arawak) are verb-initial and postpositional [see Comment 3](Keenan 1978: 292) <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 447: verb-initial &rArr; preposition V case prefixes Original If a language has verb-initial word order, then it has prepositions or case prefixes. Standardized IF&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/448\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 447: verb-initial &rArr; preposition V case prefixes<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=448"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}