{"id":55,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/55\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 55: VSO ⇒ prepositions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Universal 55: VSO ⇒ prepositions<\/h3>\n
\n
Original<\/dt>\n
Languages with dominant VSO order are always prepositional.<\/dd>\n
Standardized<\/dt>\n
IF basic order is VSO, THEN adpositions precede their NPs (i.e. they are prepositions).<\/dd>\n
Keywords<\/dt>\n
order, VSO, preposition <\/dd>\n
Domain<\/dt>\n
syntax<\/dd>\n
Type<\/dt>\n
implication<\/dd>\n
Status<\/dt>\n
achronic<\/dd>\n
Quality<\/dt>\n
absolute (for Greenberg), statistical (for Dryer)<\/dd>\n
Basis<\/dt>\n
sample of 30 languages in Greenberg 1963<\/a>; sample of 434 languages in Dryer 1992<\/a><\/dd>\n
Source<\/dt>\n
Greenberg 1963<\/a>: 78, #3; Dryer 1992<\/a>: 83<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Counterexamples<\/dt>\n
Papago (Tepiman, Uto-Aztecan) (Greenberg 1963: 107, add. note)[but see Comment 3]; Cora (Corachol, Uto-Aztecan) and Tepehu\u00e1n (Tepiman, Uto-Aztecan) are both VSO but have postpositions; Tetelcingo Aztec (Uto-Aztecan) [but see Comment 4], also VSO, has both prepositions and postpositions (Pickett 1983: 539).I\u00f1apari (Arawak): verb-initial, postpositions; other properties: head-marking, polysynthetic, split-ergative cross-referencing (Parker 1995, reviewed by Aikhenvald 1998).Yagua (Peba-Yaguan): verb-initial, postpositions; other properties: Gen N, N A (Payne 1986). Guajajara (Tupi-Guaran\u00ed): verb initial, postpositions; other properties: Gen N, N A (Harrison 1983, 1986).Nomatsiguenga (Arawak): verb-initial, postpositions; other properties: N Gen, N A & A N (Payne 1986: 458, Wise 1971).Majang (Surma, Nilo-Saharan): verb-initial and postpositions (Dryer 1997: 132).Old Egyptian (Afro-Asiatic): VSO and Topic V (Agr) O, prepositions, but also two postpositions (-js \u2018like\u2019, -jsT \u2018and\u2019) that have been interpreted as relics of Afro-Asiatic case affixes (for details see Zeidler1992: 213-214)(F. Kammerzell, p.c.).Quileute (Chimakuan): verb-initial, postpositions (Payne 1990: 13) [but see Comment 5]. <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Universal 55: VSO ⇒ prepositions Original Languages with dominant VSO order are always prepositional. Standardized IF basic order is VSO, THEN adpositions precede their NPs…<\/p>\n

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