{"id":641,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/641\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 638:"},"content":{"rendered":"

Universal 638: <\/h3>\n
\n
Original<\/dt>\n
In variation of number in pronominal reference showing different degrees of respect or social distance, the non-singular typically indicates a higher degree of respect toward the referent, or greater social distance between him and other participants in the speech act, than does the singular.<\/dd>\n
Standardized<\/dt>\n
IF there is any variation of number in pronominal reference showing different degrees of respect or social distance, THEN the non-singular typically indicates a higher degree of respect toward the referent, or greater social distance between him and other participants in the speech act, than does the singular.<\/dd>\n
Keywords<\/dt>\n
personal pronoun, non-singular number, singular number, respect, social distance<\/dd>\n
Domain<\/dt>\n
inflection, semantics<\/dd>\n
Type<\/dt>\n
no genuine implication; rather: provided that<\/dd>\n
Status<\/dt>\n
achronic<\/dd>\n
Quality<\/dt>\n
statistical <\/dd>\n
Basis<\/dt>\n
more than one hundred languages in Head 1978<\/a> <\/dd>\n
Source<\/dt>\n
Head 1978<\/a>: 190, <\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Counterexamples<\/dt>\n
In Bemba (Bantu, Niger-Congo), \u201cthe paramount chiefs … are said to be addressed with you (Sg) despite the fact that all other adults are addressed in the plural (either 2nd or 3d person)\u201d (Gregersen 1974: 53).In Chukchi and Koryak (both Chukchi-Kamchatkan), the plural forms of the 2nd person are often used in place of the singular without conveying the idea of respect (Bogoras 1922: 722) (mentioned in Head 1978).In Thai (Daic, Austronesian), 1Pl pronoun \u2018raw\u2019 can be used addressing an individual of the lower degree of respect (Morev 1961: 90) (EF).<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Universal 638: Original In variation of number in pronominal reference showing different degrees of respect or social distance, the non-singular typically indicates a higher degree…<\/p>\n

Read moreUniversal 638:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=641"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}