{"id":8,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/8\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 8: SOV v OSV ⇒ case system"},"content":{"rendered":"

Universal 8: SOV v OSV ⇒ case system<\/h3>\n
\n
Original<\/dt>\n
If in a language the verb follows the nominal subject and the nominal object as the dominant order, the language almost always has a case system.<\/dd>\n
Standardized<\/dt>\n
IF basic order for nominal arguments is verb-final (i.e. SOV or OSV), THEN there is almost always a case system.<\/dd>\n
Keywords<\/dt>\n
order, verb-final, case system<\/dd>\n
Domain<\/dt>\n
inflection, syntax<\/dd>\n
Type<\/dt>\n
implication<\/dd>\n
Status<\/dt>\n
achronic<\/dd>\n
Quality<\/dt>\n
statistical (according to author almost absolute)<\/dd>\n
Basis<\/dt>\n
30 languages of Greenberg 1963<\/a> sample<\/dd>\n
Source<\/dt>\n
Greenberg 1963<\/a>: 96, #41<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Counterexamples<\/dt>\n
Algonquian; Pano-Takana family; Abkhaz, Abaza (both N. Caucasian) are SOV but have no case inflection.Languages of active alignment are purportedly SOV but have no case inflection (Klimov 1983: 73).Many Papuan languages have dominant SOV order, but there is very little evidence of fixed case system (Whitehead 1981).Ijo (Ijoid, Niger-Congo) is SOV but has no case marking (Hyman 1975b: 116-117; Hyman states that already the proto-language of the whole family was that way).Athabaskan languages are SOV but have no case marking (A. A. Kibrik, p.c.).SV & OV but no case distinguishing the two arguments in a transitive clause:Nama (Central Khoisan); Rashad (Kordofanian); Dan (Mande, Niger-Congo), Koklokuma Ijo (Ijoid, Niger-Congo), Supyire (Gur, Niger-Congo), Tunen (Bantoid, Niger-Congo); Koyraboro Senni Songhay (Songhay, Nilo-Saharan), Fur (Fur, Nilo-Saharan); Iraqw (Southern Cushitic, Afroasiatic), Tigre, Chala (both Semitic, Afroasiatic); Modern Armenian (Armenian, IE); Vogul (Ugric, Uralic); Ainu (isolate); Abkhaz (Northwest Caucasian); Elamite (extinct isolate); Dimasa (Baric, Tibeto-Burman), Mikir, Siyin Chin (Kuki-Chin-Naga, Tibeto-Burman), Nusu, Lisu, Yi (Burmese-Lolo, Tibeto-Burman); Tawala (Oceanic, Austronesian); Banz (East New Guinea Highlands), Asmat, Korowai, Wambon, Lomai (Central and South New Guinea), Amele (Madang, Trans-New Guinea), Hanga Hundi, Alamblak (Sepik), Rao (Ramu, Sepik); Gunwinggu (Gunwingguan, Australian), Burarra (Burarran, Australian), Laragia (Laragiyan, Australian), Marithiel, Marengar, Pungupungu, Maranungku, Matngala (Daly, Australian), Ungarinjin (Wororan, Australian); Slave, Sarcee, Navajo (Athabaskan); Santa Ana Keresan (Keresan); Mandan (Siouan); Takelma (Takelma); Seri (Hokan); Kiowa (Kiowa-Tanoan); Warao (isolate); Pirah\u00e3 (Mura); Kawesqar (Qawesqar); Tucano (Tucanoan); Piaroa (Salivan); Wayapi (Tupi); Resigaro (Maipuran, Arawak); Muinane (Boran, Witotoan) (Dryer 2000). <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Universal 8: SOV v OSV ⇒ case system Original If in a language the verb follows the nominal subject and the nominal object as the…<\/p>\n

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