{"id":808,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/808\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 805:"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 805: <\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>The opposition of a stop and an affricate in the languages of the world implies the presence of a fricative in the same series.<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>IF there is an opposition of a stop and an affricate, THEN there will be a fricative of the same series.<\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>affricate, stop, fricative<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>phonology<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>implication<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>achronic but presumably diachronically motivated<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>absolute<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>languages mentioned in <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/ref\/source_ref.php#Jakobson_1941\">Jakobson 1941<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Jakobson_1941\">Jakobson 1941<\/a>: 56, <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Jakobson_1965\">Jakobson 1957 [1971]<\/a>: 526, cited in <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Uspensky_1965\">Uspensky 1965<\/a>: 191, cited in <a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Melikischwili_1970\">Melikischwili 1970<\/a>: 66<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd>Affricates without the corresponding fricative:Amerind: Plains Miwok (Miwok-Costanoan), Wintu, Patwin (both Wintuan), Shasta, Yana (both Hokan), Yamana (Andean), Yukpa (Carib), Kwakiutl (Wakashan). Altaic: Kirghiz, Gagauz, Karaim, Khakas, Uighur, Yakut (all Turkic), Mongolian, Khalkha, Pao-an, Solon, Monguor, Dagur, Doungxiang (all Mongolian); Indo-European: Ossetic, Tati (both Iranian), Marathi, Oriya (both Indic), Italian (Italic).Indonesian, (Sundic, Western Malayo-Polynesian), Tagalog (Meso-Philippine, Western Malayo-Polynesian), Tlingit (Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit), Haida (isolate), Arabic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic) &#8211; mentioned in Melikischwili 1970: 66;Kickapoo (Algonquian) has [t] and [\u2020] but not [s](Hockett 1963: 25).<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 805: Original The opposition of a stop and an affricate in the languages of the world implies the presence of a fricative in the&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/808\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 805:<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=808"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/808\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}