{"id":93,"date":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T18:49:39","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/93\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal 93: pronominal gender in 2Sg &#8658; pronominal gender in 3Sg"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Universal 93: pronominal gender in 2Sg &#8658; pronominal gender in 3Sg<\/h3>\n<dl>\n<dt>Original<\/dt>\n<dd>IF a language has pronominal gender in the 2nd person singular, THEN it has a greater probability of having this distinction in the 3rd person singular than of not having it.<\/dd>\n<dt>Standardized<\/dt>\n<dd>IF there is a gender distinction in the 2nd person singular of pronouns, THEN the 3rd person singular is likelier to have than to lack a gender distinction.<\/dd>\n<dt>Keywords<\/dt>\n<dd>pronoun, gender, number, singular, person, 2, 3<\/dd>\n<dt>Domain<\/dt>\n<dd>inflection<\/dd>\n<dt>Type<\/dt>\n<dd>implication<\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>achronic<\/dd>\n<dt>Quality<\/dt>\n<dd>statistical, almost absolute<\/dd>\n<dt>Basis<\/dt>\n<dd>?<\/dd>\n<dt>Source<\/dt>\n<dd><a class=\"reference\" href=\"..\/references#Greenberg_1963\">Greenberg, Osgood, &#038; Jenkins 1963<\/a>: xxi<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>Counterexamples<\/dt>\n<dd>A few languages in central Nigeria have gender in 2nd person, but not in 3rd (Greenberg, Osgood, &#038; Jenkins 1963).Tahaggart, Tuareg, Kabyle, Proto-Berber (Afro-Asiatic) have gender in 2SG but not in 3SG (Plank &#038; Schellinger 1997).Written Late Egyptian (Afro-Asiatic) shows a facultative opposition between an unmarked (masc. or fem.) and a feminine form of the enclitic personal pronoun in 2SG (tw\/tj vs. tw\/tj\/tw-WOMAN), while the contrast of gender in 3SG (extant in Earlier Egyptian) has become neutralized (sw\/st\/s). In spoken Late Egyptian, there is no gender distinction in 2SG (t) and 3SG (s). (F. Kammerzell, p.c.)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal 93: pronominal gender in 2Sg &#8658; pronominal gender in 3Sg Original IF a language has pronominal gender in the 2nd person singular, THEN it&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/universals-archive\/93\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Universal 93: pronominal gender in 2Sg &#8658; pronominal gender in 3Sg<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universals-archive","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/typo.uni-konstanz.de\/rara\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}