Universal 1007:
- Original
- Pidginization processes tend to replace fricatives other than s by stops.
- Standardized
- Pidginization processes tend to replace fricatives other than s by stops.
- Keywords
- spirantization, pidginization
- Domain
- phonology
- Type
- unconditional
- Status
- diachronic
- Quality
- statistical
- Basis
- Greek, Spanish, Danish, English (all Indo-European), Aramaic, Arabic (both Semitic, Afro-Asiatic)
- Source
- Ferguson 1978b: 437
- Counterexamples
All of these hypothesized “universals” may be modified or overridden by conflicting processes, particularly those involving social factors, and some exceptions are unexplained. (Ferguson 1978b: 437)