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Universal 1089:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 1089:

Original
Nearly all languages have contrasting labial and dental nasals.
Standardized
Nearly all languages have contrasting labial and dental nasals.
Keywords
nasal, consonant, labial, dental
Domain
phonology
Type
unconditional
Status
achronic
Quality
almost absolute
Basis
sample of 106 languages in Crothers 1975
Source
Crothers 1975: 155
Counterexamples
Amerind: Achumawi (Hokan), Apinaye (Ge-Pano), Barasano (Tucanoan), Mixtec (Oto-Manguean), Mura (Paezan), Pawnee (Caddoan), Arapaho (Algonquian), Makah, Nitinat (both Wakashan), Quileute (Chimakuan), Seneca (Iroquoian), Yuchi (isolate), Clallam, Lkungen, dialects of Halkomelem Salish such as Chilliwack, Duwamish, Snoqualmie, Tillamook, Twana (all Salish) (Thompson and Thompson 1972: 451); Hakka (Chinese, Sino-Tibetan), Lakes Plain (Papuan), Rotokas (E. Papuan), Palauan (W. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian)

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP
    1. May 2020

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