Categories which can be used as a ‘perfect of result’ (i.e. to say that something has happened that has a result at the moment of speech) tend to be nondistinct from hodiernal pasts.
Standardized
IF categories can be used as a ‘perfect of result’ (i.e. to say that something has happened that has a result at the moment of speech), THEN they tend to be nondistinct from hodiernal pasts.
Keywords
tense, aspect, past
Domain
inflection
Type
no genuine implication; rather: provided that
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical
Basis
sample of 75 languages in Dahl 1984, sample of 64 languages in Dahl 1985
Kikuyu, LoNkundo, and apparently Kamba (all Bantu, Niger-Congo) which have separate categories for perfect and hodiernal past – Dahl 1984: 114, 1985: 136
1. See so-called “hodiernal vs. non-hodiernal distinction” in # 1274.2. This is perhaps often formulated in another way. Cf. Comrie 1976: 60: “In many languages, the perfect may be used where the present relevance of past situation referred to is simply temporal closeness, i.e. the past situation is very recent.”
1. See so-called “hodiernal vs. non-hodiernal distinction” in # 1274.2. This is perhaps often formulated in another way. Cf. Comrie 1976: 60: “In many languages, the perfect may be used where the present relevance of past situation referred to is simply temporal closeness, i.e. the past situation is very recent.”