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Universal 1286:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 1286:

Original
The Animated First Principle (AFP):
In simple transitive clauses, the NP which is most animated will precede NPs which are less animated.
Standardized
The Animated First Principle (AFP):
In simple transitive clauses, the NP which is most animate will precede NPs which are less animate.
Keywords
order, noun, animacy, transitive clause
Domain
syntax
Type
unconditional
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical
Basis
1063 languages in Tomlin 1986 sample, see Tomlin 1986: 155-259;
Source
Tomlin 1986: 102
Counterexamples
According to Tomlin, the Animated First Principle will not be realized in languages whose basic word order is VOS, OVS or OSV.

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    1. The Animatedness Hierarchy: human > other animate > inanimate; agent > benefactive/dative > patient; more animated > less animated.2. The Animated First Principle (AFP) relates to Tomlin’s Theme First Principle (TFP, cf. #382) and his Verb-Object Bonding (cf. #1291). Tomlin differentiates between universals and principles; it “should not be construed as an ‘absolute’ linguistic universal, but rather as one of a set of forces which interact to product the distribution of the basic constituent order types.” (Tomlin 1986: 102)Therefore Tomlin 1986: 124 also formulates the Principle of Maximal Realization (MRP): “The ideal basic constituent order for a given verb position is one in which the three principles, AFP, TFP, and VOB are maximized.”

    1. May 2020

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