If some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’ then: (a) in some languages it also denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’; (b) in other languages it does not denote the metaperson ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’.
Standardized
IF a form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’ , THEN: (a) in some languages it also denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’; (b) in other languages it does not denote the metaperson ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’.
Keywords
personal pronoun, person, 1st, speaker, hearer, non-participant
Domain
inflection, syntax, lexicon
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical
Basis
400 world-wide distributed languages, see Sokolovskaja 1980: 98-99; Sokolovskaja surveyed systems of independent personal pronouns only.
1. Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons:’speaker’, ‘hearer’, ‘non-participant’, ‘speaker + hearer(s)’, ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’, ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’, and ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s). 2. The languages are equally distributed between groups (a) and (b).
1. Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons:’speaker’, ‘hearer’, ‘non-participant’, ‘speaker + hearer(s)’, ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’, ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’, and ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s). 2. The languages are equally distributed between groups (a) and (b).