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Universal 1589: V-final ⇒ postposing ⇒ suffixes

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 1589: V-final ⇒ postposing ⇒ suffixes

Original
Verb-final languages exhibit a very strong postposing tendency which leads to their preponderance of suffixes.
Standardized
IF basic order is verb-final, THEN there will be a strong tendency to place grammatical morphemes (grams) after the verb, and eventually to suffix them.
Keywords
order, verb-final, verbal morpheme, affix-order, suffix
Domain
morphology, syntax
Type
implication
Status
achronic, diachronic
Quality
statistical
Basis
32 V-final languages from a 71-language sample (GRAMCATS database) in Bybee, Pagliuca, & Perkins 1990
Source
Bybee, Pagliuca, & Perkins 1990: 30
Counterexamples
V-final languages which are not predominantly suffixing: Worora (Wororan, Australian), Abkhaz (North Caucasian), Lahu (Burmese-Lolo, Tibeto-Burman), Haka (Baric, Tibeto-Burman), Nung (Nungish, Tibeto-Burman), Yessan-Mayo (Sepik-Ramu, Papuan), Mano (Mande, Niger-Congo), Slave (Athabaskan). Slave appears to be the only genuine exception in having entirely prefixed morphology – which includes person/number, tense, aspect and mood – and at the same time V-final word order (Bybee, Pagliuca, & Perkins 1990: 8, 11);Tümpisa Shoshone [=Panamint] (Uto-Aztecan): OV & prefixes (Mithun 1999, cf. #892).

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    1. In general verbs exhibit more extensive morphology than nouns, therefore Bybee, Pagliuca, & Perkins limit their study to verbal grammatical morphemes only. 2. Bybee, Pagliuca, & Perkins have no OSV languages in their sample. V-final order is represented by SOV-languages only. 3. V-initial and V-medial languages, rather than being heavily preposing, are more evenly split between pre-and postposed material. (Bybee, Pagliuca, & Perkins 1990: 7)4. For similar and content-related statements see ##170, 892 (OV => suffixes), 1310, 1312, 1315, 1594.

    1. May 2020

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