Universal 197:

Original: No set of case marking elements both precede the head noun and participate in agreement.
Standardized: IF a relational marker (case, adposition) precedes the head noun, THEN it will not participate in agreement.
IF a relational marker (case, adposition) participates in agreement, THEN it will not precede the head noun.
Keywords: case, adposition, prefix, preposition, order, agreement
Domain: inflection, syntax
Type: implication
Status: achronic
Quality: absolute
Basis: Russian (Slavic, IE), Evenki (Tungus), Japanese (Japanese-Ryukyuan), Tagalog (W. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), Amharic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic), Estonian, Karelian, Vepsian (all Finnic, Uralic)
Source: Kilby 1981: 115 (A)

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One Comment

FP

1. Kilby 1981: 121 combines his universal with #198: “Case marking elements which precede the noun phrase are always separable from the head noun, and never participate in agreement.”2. See Greenberg’s universals (here ##1, 4, 8, 55) discussed in Kilby 1981: 128.

1. May 2020

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