Universal 20:
- Original
- In all languages, if a nominal possessor carries external case, so does the pronominal one.
- Standardized
- IF a nominal possessor carries external case, THEN so does the pronominal one.
- Keywords
- case, attribution, agreement, Suffixaufnahme, noun, pronoun
- Domain
- inflection, syntax
- Type
- implication
- Status
- achronic
- Quality
- absolute
- Basis
- Suffixaufnahme-languages surveyed in Plank (ed.) 1995
- Source
- Moravcsik 1995: 470, G4’
- Counterexamples
This universal is about all instances where possessor has external case (i.e. that marking the whole NP) regardless of whether it also shows internal case (as in Suffixaufnahme), hence is a generalization of #19.