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Universal 2025:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 2025:

Original
the presence of a word-initial geminate in a given language implies that medial geminates are also present in that language.
Standardized
IF there are word-initial geminates, THEN there are also medial geminates.
Keywords
consonant, geminate, word
Domain
phonology
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical, almost absolute
Basis
over two dozen lgs reported to have word-initial geminates, listed in Appendix
Source
Muller 2001: 205
Counterexamples
Sa’ban (Borneo, Austronesian) (Muller 2001: 205)

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    The evidence given would seem to allow the strictest possible reading of the universal:IF there are word-initial geminates, THEN these same geminates will also occur word-medially.Muller mentions lgs where word-initial geminates are limited to subsets of word-medial geminates.Continuants, esp. nasals, seem the preferred segment class to occur as geminates in any position, and esp. word-initially. (Yapese only has /l, g/ as geminates, but none of the nasals.)

    1. May 2020

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