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Universal 255: number (noun) ⇒ the same number (pronoun)

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 255: number (noun) ⇒ the same number (pronoun)

Original
If there exists a regular number distinction in a language, this distinction is necessarily present in the pronominal forms of the given language.
Standardized
IF there is a number opposition for any other word class (especially nouns), THEN there is the same number opposition for pronouns.
Keywords
number, noun, pronoun
Domain
inflection
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute
Basis
unspecified
Source
see Vardul’ 1969, referring to Uspensky
Counterexamples
Egyptian (Afro-Asiatic): Old Egyptian: Sg, Pl, and Du in pronouns and nouns; Middle Egyptian: Du forms of pronouns extremely rare, whereas nouns still show a tripartite number distinction; Late Egyptian: no Du forms of pronouns, Du forms of nouns rare; Coptic: further reduction of number distinctions (many nouns without morphological marking of number). (F. Kammerzell, p.c.); but see comments

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    1. A facultative opposition in number for nouns does not imply number for pronouns. Ex. in Javanese (W. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), number is facultatively expressed only for nouns, but not for pronouns. 2. Unclear: “facultative” – applicable only to some rather than to all (count) nouns? applicable to all nouns but not always obligatorily used? (e.g. English elephants/elephant with plural reference, “game plural”). 3. See discussion of dual, paucal, and other “minor numbers” which tend to be limited to nouns: Plank 1989, 1996, Corbett 1996.

    1. May 2020

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