Universal 315:

Universal 315:

Original

If and only if a language has a syntactic form of the subjective*, it has a syntactic form of the accusative*.

Standardized

IF there is a syntactic form of the subjective* of nouns, THEN there will be a syntactic form of the accusative*, and vice versa.

Keywords

case, subjective, accusative

Domain

inflection, syntax

Type

mutual implication

Status

achronic

Quality

absolute

Basis

languages surveyed in Kozinsky 1981

Source

Kozinsky 1981

Counterexamples

Nama (Khoisan), Awa, Kamoro (both Trans-New-Guinea, Papuan), a number of Uralic languages (Kozinsky 1981)