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Universal 389:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 389:

Original
Aspirated consonants occur mostly prevocalically, then postvocalically, preconsonantally, and in (absolute) final position.
Standardized
IF aspirated consonants occur in absolute final position, THEN they also occur preconsonantally;
IF they occur preconsonantally, THEN they also occur postvocalically;
IF they occur postvocalically, THEN they also occur prevocalically.
Keywords
/h/, consonant, aspiration, preconsonantal, prevocalic, absolute, final position
Domain
phonology
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical
Basis
languages in Hurch 1988
Source
Hurch 1988: 65
Counterexamples

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    Good examples: Azerbaijani (Altaic), Korean (Altaic), North Sahaptin (Sahaptian), Garo (Tibeto-Burman), English, German (both Germanic), Gujarati, Ambalavi (Indo-Iranian), Rankhandi (both Indo-Iranian) (Hurch 1988).However, crosslinguistic frequency need not perforce translate into an implication.

    1. May 2020

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