Universal 426: agreement in gender & number (any constituent) ⇒ agreement in gender & number (anaphoric pronoun)

Universal 426: agreement in gender & number (any constituent) ⇒ agreement in gender & number (anaphoric pronoun)

Original

It holds both for gender and number that if any constituent in a language shows agreement in these property types, some anaphoric pronoun always does.

Standardized

IF any constituent other than anaphoric pronouns agrees in gender and/or number, THEN anaphoric pronouns agree in gender and/or number.

Keywords

agreement, gender, number, anaphoric pronoun

Domain

inflection, syntax

Type

implication

Status

achronic but presumably diachronically motivated

Quality

absolute

Basis

languages mentioned in Moravcsik 1978b

Source

inferred from Moravcsik 1978b: 350

Counterexamples

Teop (N.W. Solomonic, Oceanic, Austronesian) (Mosel & Spriggs 2000) does not have gender in pronouns but it does in articles preceding nouns, adjectives, and numerals (as such a counterexample to ##518 and 256). Adjectives and numerals agree with their head nouns (i.e., the article is set twice). Turkana (Nilotic, Nilo-Saharan) (Dimmendaal 1983), also violating ##518 and 256, shows NP-internal gender agreement as well.