Universal 472: ergative/nominative (noun) ⇒ ergative/nominative (3 person &, V Dem)
Original
If in a language nouns have the opposition “ergative/nominative”, then with a high plausibility the same opposition have personal and/or demonstrative pronouns of the 3rd person.
Standardized
IF nouns have the opposition ergative/absolutive, THEN with a high probability personal and/or demonstrative pronouns of 3rd person have the same opposition.
1. The reverse to #473; cf. ##591 and 217.2. As is seen from ##472-474, personal pronouns are less prone than nouns to differentiate nominative and ergative. But there are cases when this opposition is more vivid within the personal pronouns than within the nouns. Thus, in some Dardic languages (Maiya, Kanjawali, Torwali, Phalura, Dameli, Shumashti, Gawar) pronouns have the so-called “independent” ergative, and nouns have the so-called “conjoined” ergative, which combines functions of other cases. In Wotapuri, the use of ergative on nouns is facultative and obligatory on pronouns. But these languages must not be considered counterexamples to #472, for the coincidence of ergative with one of the oblique cases or its facultative usage does not deny the opposition “ergative/nominative” itself that takes place within the pronouns and the nouns of the above-mentioned Dardic languages.
1. The reverse to #473; cf. ##591 and 217.2. As is seen from ##472-474, personal pronouns are less prone than nouns to differentiate nominative and ergative. But there are cases when this opposition is more vivid within the personal pronouns than within the nouns. Thus, in some Dardic languages (Maiya, Kanjawali, Torwali, Phalura, Dameli, Shumashti, Gawar) pronouns have the so-called “independent” ergative, and nouns have the so-called “conjoined” ergative, which combines functions of other cases. In Wotapuri, the use of ergative on nouns is facultative and obligatory on pronouns. But these languages must not be considered counterexamples to #472, for the coincidence of ergative with one of the oblique cases or its facultative usage does not deny the opposition “ergative/nominative” itself that takes place within the pronouns and the nouns of the above-mentioned Dardic languages.