Universal 487: long affricates ⇒ long stop ⇒ long fricative

Universal 487: long affricates ⇒ long stop ⇒ long fricative

Original

The presence of long affricates implies the presence of long stops. Further, in all but two instances there are also long fricatives.

Standardized

If there are long affricates, THEN there are long stops.
IF there are long affricates and long stops, THEN there are long fricatives.

Keywords

geminate, affricate, stop, fricative

Domain

phonology

Type

implicational hierarchy

Status

achronic

Quality

statistical

Basis

languages mentioned in Thurgood 1993

Source

Thurgood 1993: 131-132

Counterexamples

Sinhalese (Indic, Indo-European) and Telugu (Dravidian), both reported as having long affricates and long stops, but not fricatives.