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Universal 566: Du (2 & 3 person) ⇒ Du (1 person)

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 566: Du (2 & 3 person) ⇒ Du (1 person)

Original
If 2nd and 3rd Person differentiate a Dual, so does (with more than chance frequency) 1st (but not vice versa).
Standardized
IF 2nd and 3rd person differentiate a dual, THEN so does (with more than chance frequency) 1st (but not vice versa).
Keywords
pronoun, personal pronoun, number, dual, 3rd person, 2nd person, 1st person
Domain
inflection
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute
Basis
languages in Humboldt 1830, including Basque (isolate), Greenlandic (Eskimo-Aleut), Saami (Uralic), Tahitian, Malay (both Malayo-Polynesian), Indo-European (e.g. Sanskrit, Ancient Greek), Semitic languages, American languages (e.g. Quechua, Totonaca, Huasteca, Mapuche, Tamanaca, Chayma)
Source
Humboldt 1830, as interpreted in Plank 1989: 302; Plank 1994b: 232
Counterexamples
Ancient Greek (Indo-European), Classical Arabic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic) and Aleut (Eskimo-Aleut) (Plank 1989: 303).

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    1. See also discussion in Plank 1989: 305, 316.2. Cf. Greenberg’s 1988 claim #1409.

    1. May 2020

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