Universal 569: ¬ case (noun) ⇒ article;
¬ article ⇒ case (noun)

Universal 569: ¬ case (noun) ⇒ article;
¬ article ⇒ case (noun)

Original

No (Indo-European) language does without both morphological case marking and articles.

Standardized

(In Indo-European) IF there is no nominal case marking, THEN there will be an article.

Keywords

case, article

Domain

inflection, syntax

Type

implication

Status

achronic

Quality

a Indo-Euroversal rather than a universal

Basis

Indo-European languages

Source

Renzi 1992: 161-176

Counterexamples

counter-evidence outside Indo-European: Chinese (Sinitic, Sino-Tibetan).