1. Dryer 1988: “There is no evidence for the correlation between Adposition-Noun and Adjective-Noun order nor between Genitive-Noun and Adjective-Noun order. There is no evidence of any relationship between the order of Verb and Object and the order of Adjective and Noun.”2. Krifka 1985: 82, referring to Hawkins’s universals (here #69, 70): “Universal Prep => (N A => N G) has four counterexamples noted by Hawkins himself, namely Arapesh, Gitua (both E. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), Karen (Tibeto-Burman, Sino-Tibetan) and Kaliai-Kove (E. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian). Hawkins therefore strengthens the universal to Prep & ¬SVO => (N A => N G), which has no exceptions in the sample. But it is unclear whether such complex implications are of any interest for the study of language. One can easily conceive that they just describe the sample in an ad hoc manner and don’t have any theoretical status at all.” 3. Since the 1990s, Hawkins proposes alternative explanations of his universals (see e.g. Hawkins 1993: 234).
1. Dryer 1988: “There is no evidence for the correlation between Adposition-Noun and Adjective-Noun order nor between Genitive-Noun and Adjective-Noun order. There is no evidence of any relationship between the order of Verb and Object and the order of Adjective and Noun.”2. Krifka 1985: 82, referring to Hawkins’s universals (here #69, 70): “Universal Prep => (N A => N G) has four counterexamples noted by Hawkins himself, namely Arapesh, Gitua (both E. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), Karen (Tibeto-Burman, Sino-Tibetan) and Kaliai-Kove (E. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian). Hawkins therefore strengthens the universal to Prep & ¬SVO => (N A => N G), which has no exceptions in the sample. But it is unclear whether such complex implications are of any interest for the study of language. One can easily conceive that they just describe the sample in an ad hoc manner and don’t have any theoretical status at all.” 3. Since the 1990s, Hawkins proposes alternative explanations of his universals (see e.g. Hawkins 1993: 234).