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Universal 718: 2 > (1, 3) ⇒ Incl

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 718: 2 > (1, 3) ⇒ Incl

Original
If a language has a deictic salience of the 2nd person, then it has the category of Inclusive.
Standardized
IF there is a deictic salience of the 2nd person, THEN there is a category of inclusive.
Keywords
person hierarchy, 2 person, inclusive
Domain
inflection, syntax
Type
implication
Status
achronic but presumably diachronically motivated
Quality
absolute?
Basis
languages with 2 > 1 > 3 person hierarchy surveyed in Filimonova 1997, Filimonova 1999, including Ojibwe (Algonquian), Aymara, Jaqaru (both Aymaran, Andean), Coos (Kusan), Karaja (Ge-Pano-Carib), Wik-Munkan (Pama-Nyungan) and others
Source
Filimonova 1997, Filimonova 1999
Counterexamples

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    What is “deictic salience”? Addressee ranking higher than Speaker on reference hierarchy?

    1. May 2020

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