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Universal 862:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 862:

Original
Except for voiced nasal followed by homorganic unvoiced obstruent, an unvoiced consonant or sequence of unvoiced consonants in initial clusters immediately preceding a vowel is not itself preceded by one or more voiced consonants.
Standardized
In initial clusters, IF an unvoiced consonant or sequence of unvoiced consonants immediately precedes a vowel, THEN it will not itself be preceded by one or more voiced consonants.
Keywords
consonant cluster, initial, voice
Domain
phonology
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical
Basis
sample of 104 languages in Greenberg 1964
Source
Greenberg 1964 [Greenberg 1965: 20, Greenberg 1978e: 260, #21]
Counterexamples
The exceptions were found to be in almost all cases of nasal + homorganic unvoiced stop followed by a vowel, e.g. Chatino, Pame (both Oto-Manguean), Chrau (Mon-Khmer, Austroasiatic). The other instances of the interruption of voicing in an initial sequence are found in :Khasi (both Mon-Khmer, Austroasiatic), e.g. bt, dp; Bilaan (W. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), e.g. bt, bs; Czech (Slavic, Indo-European), e.g. js. (Greenberg 1965: 20, 1978e: 260)

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP
    1. May 2020

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