Universal #1041

Legacy number: 1041

 Number  1037
 Original  When stress is not phonologically predictable (i.e., when it is phonemic, fulfilling grammatical or lexical functions) and limited to certain syllables (i.e. does not always fall on the same syllable), the potentially stressable syllables form a sequence without gaps and are almost always reckoned from the ultima backwards, with the maximum for end reckoning apparently being four, and with penultimate syllables being preferred.
 Standardized  When stress is not phonologically predictable (i.e., when it is phonemic, fulfilling grammatical or lexical functions) and limited to certain syllables (i.e. does not always fall on the same syllable), the potentially stressable syllables form a sequence without gaps and are almost always reckoned from the ultima backwards, with the maximum for end reckoning apparently being four, and with penultimate syllables being preferred.
 Keywords  stress, syllable, accent
 Domain  prosodic phonology
 Type  no genuine implication; rather: provided that
 Status  achronic
 Quality  almost absolute
 Basis  sample of almost 200 languages in Greenberg & Kaschube 1976
 Source  Greenberg & Kaschube 1976: 8

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Discussion
Counterexamples
Possible counterexample: Irish (Celtic, Indo-European) (initial reckoning: first three syllables may be stressed, with initial stress predominating)- but stress is very possibly phonologically predictable (Greenberg & Kaschube 1976).
Notes
1. Accent = phonetic features occurring just once or at most once in the phonological word, with cumulative or demarcative function (Greenberg & Kaschube 1976).2. For example Huastec (Mayan): stress on the last syllable with a long vowel, but if there is no syllable with a long vowel then stress falls on the initial syllable.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
1. Accent = phonetic features occurring just once or at most once in the phonological word, with cumulative or demarcative function (Greenberg & Kaschube 1976).

2. For example Huastec (Mayan): stress on the last syllable with a long vowel, but if there is no syllable with a long vowel then stress falls on the initial syllable.