Universal #1143

Legacy number: 1143

 Number  1139
 Original  If a verbal morpheme has both the reflexive and the passive use, then it will also have the anticausative use.
 Standardized  IF a verbal morpheme has both reflexive and passive use, THEN it will also have the anticausative use.
 Formula  verb morpheme (reflexive & passive use) ⇒ verb morpheme (anticausative use)
 Keywords  morpheme, reflexive, passive, anticausative
 Domain  inflection, syntax
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic but presumably diachronically motivated
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  languages mentioned in Haspelmath 1987
 Source  Haspelmath 1987: 30, cited in Haspelmath 1990: 35

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Discussion
Counterexamples
Slave (Athabaskan), Rukai (Tsouic, Formosan), Tuareg (Berber, Afro-Asiatic), Worora (Wororan, Australian) (Haspelmath 1990: 35)
Notes
This reflexive-anticausative-passive implication finds its explanation in the grammaticization of NP-reflexives that are first extended to the anticausative use and only in the second step to the passive use (Haspelmath 1990: 42ff).
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
This reflexive-anticausative-passive implication finds its explanation in the grammaticization of NP-reflexives that are first extended to the anticausative use and only in the second step to the passive use (Haspelmath 1990: 42ff).