Universal #1199

Legacy number: 1199

 Number  1195
 Original  With a few exceptions, if a language has no inflectional tense or aspect, it will have an anterior or completive gram or both.
 Standardized  IF there is no inflectional tense or aspect, THEN there will be an anterior or completive gram or both.
 Formula  ¬ inflection (aspect v tense) ⇒ anterior &/v completive gram
 Keywords  verb, inflection, aspect, tense
 Domain  inflection
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  statistical
 Basis  76 languages from the GRAMCATS database in Bybee, Perkins, & Pagliuca 1994
 Source  Bybee & Dahl 1989: 95; Bybee, Perkins, & Pagliuca 1994: 119

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Discussion
Notes
GRAMs are all forms of grammatical morphemes, including affixes, stem changes, reduplication, auxiliaries, or particles.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
GRAMs are all forms of grammatical morphemes, including affixes, stem changes, reduplication, auxiliaries, or particles.