Universal #1199
Legacy number: 1199
| Number | 1195 |
| Original | With a few exceptions, if a language has no inflectional tense or aspect, it will have an anterior or completive gram or both. |
| Standardized | IF there is no inflectional tense or aspect, THEN there will be an anterior or completive gram or both. |
| Formula | ¬ inflection (aspect v tense) ⇒ anterior &/v completive gram |
| Keywords | verb, inflection, aspect, tense |
| Domain | inflection |
| Type | implication |
| Status | achronic |
| Quality | statistical |
| Basis | 76 languages from the GRAMCATS database in Bybee, Perkins, & Pagliuca 1994 |
| Source | Bybee & Dahl 1989: 95; Bybee, Perkins, & Pagliuca 1994: 119 |
Discussion
Notes
GRAMs are all forms of grammatical morphemes, including affixes, stem changes, reduplication, auxiliaries, or particles.
Comment
GRAMs are all forms of grammatical morphemes, including affixes, stem changes, reduplication, auxiliaries, or particles.
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