Universal #1313

Legacy number: 1313

 Number  1309
 Original  If a language is postpositional, aspect affixes on verb (if any) are suffixed with greater than chance frequency.
 Standardized  IF there are postpositions, THEN aspect affixes on verbs are suffixed with more than chance frequency.
 Formula  postposition ⇒ aspect affixes on V are suffixed
 Keywords  order, postposition, verb, aspect, affix-order, suffix
 Domain  inflection, syntax
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  statistical
 Basis  200 languages drawn from three samples: a 113-language sample of L. Stassen, a 40-language sample of R. Perkins & J. Bybee, and a 50-language sample compiled by G. Gilligan
 Source  Hawkins & Gilligan 1988: 224

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Discussion
Counterexamples
Stassen’s sample: 87% of postpositional languages with aspect affixes are suffixing, 13% are prefixing; Gilligan’s sample: 81% of postpositional languages with aspect affixes are suffixing, 19% are prefixing.