Universal #136

Legacy number: 136

 Number  136
 Original  <img src="../img/graphics/136a.gif" alt="">
<img src="../img/graphics/136b.gif" alt="">
[IF one of the relations of (i) alienability, (ii) inalienability, and (iii) classification is realized formally by a certain construction, THEN no relations below it on the hierarchy may be realized by a different construction used for relations higher on the hierarchy.

LIKEWISE:
IF a particular construction encodes a semantic relation of a certain type, THEN no construction for a relation below it will encode a semantic relation higher on the scale.]
 Standardized  IF one of the relations of (i) alienability, (ii) inalienability, and (iii) classification is realized formally by a certain construction, THEN no relations below it on the hierarchy may be realized by a different construction used for relations higher on the hierarchy.

LIKEWISE:
IF a particular construction encodes a semantic relation of a certain type, THEN no construction for a relation below it will encode a semantic relation higher on the scale.
 Keywords  possession, alienable, inalienable, classification, compound, head-marking, dependent-marking<br>
 Domain  morphology, syntax, semantics
 Type  implicational hierarchy
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  20 languages from 15 different families: Mandarin Chinese, Burmese (Sino-Tibetan), Manam, Tolai, Paamese (Austronesian), Turkish, Mongolian (Altaic), Ewe (Tano-Congo), Acholi (West Nilotic), Kpelle (Mande), Gooniyandi (Bunuban, Australian), Nyulnyul (Nyulnyulan, Australian), Yidin, Jaru (both Pama-Nyungan, Australian), Fore (East Central Highlands), Maisin (unclassified), Amele (Madang, Trans-New Guinea), Imbambura Quechua (Andean), Tzutujil (Mayan), Kiowa (Kiowa-Tanoan), English (Germanic, IE)
 Source  Chappel & McGregor 1989: 31-32

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Discussion
Notes
CLASSIFICATION refers to the phenomenon whereby the dependent nominal indicates the type of entity that is being referred to by the head nominal. That is, it is the embodiment of the type-token relation within the nominal phrase, e.g. ‘shepherd girl’ (¤ ‘the shepherd’s girl’) (Chappell & McGregor 1989: 28-30).
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
CLASSIFICATION refers to the phenomenon whereby the dependent nominal indicates the type of entity that is being referred to by the head nominal. That is, it is the embodiment of the type-token relation within the nominal phrase, e.g. 'shepherd girl' (­ 'the shepherd's girl') (Chappell & McGregor 1989: 28-30).