Universal #1453
Legacy number: 1453
| Number | 1449 |
| Original | In no language is there a special form to denote the metaperson 'hearer' in the non-singular. |
| Standardized | In no language is there a special form to denote the metaperson 'hearer' in the non-singular. |
| Keywords | personal pronoun, person, 2nd, hearer, number, non-singular, inclusive, exclusive |
| Domain | inflection, syntax, lexicon |
| Type | unconditional |
| Status | achronic |
| Quality | statistical (according to author absolute) |
| Basis | 400 world-wide distributed languages, see Sokolovskaja 1980: 98-99; Sokolovskaja surveyed systems of independent personal pronouns only. |
| Source | Sokolovskaja 1980: 91, U 11 |
Discussion
Counterexamples
Languages having inclusive/exclusive opposition in the 2nd person, e.g. Ghomala (Benue-Congo, Niger-Kordofanian) (Wiesemann 1986: viii). ??? Abkhaz (N. Caucasian) (EF, FP).Bavarian German (Simon 2000).
Notes
1. Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons:'speaker', 'hearer', 'non-participant', 'speaker + hearer(s)', 'speaker + non-participant(s)', 'hearer(s) + non-participant(s)', and 'speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s). 2. This universal follows from #1454.3. Cf. a similar statement by Greenberg, #1948.
Log in to join the discussion.
2. This universal follows from <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1454"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">.
3. Cf. a similar statement by Greenberg, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1948"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">.