Universal #1458

Legacy number: 1458

 Number  1454
 Original  In all languages, there is a special form to denote the metaperson 'non-participant'.
 Standardized  In all languages, there is a special form to denote the metaperson 'non-participant'.
 Keywords  personal pronoun, person, 3rd, non-participant
 Domain  inflection, syntax, lexicon
 Type  unconditional
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  400 world-wide distributed languages, see Sokolovskaja 1980: 98-99; Sokolovskaja surveyed systems of independent personal pronouns only.
 Source  Sokolovskaja 1980: 92, U 16

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Discussion
Notes
Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons:'speaker', 'hearer', 'non-participant', 'speaker + hearer(s)', 'speaker + non-participant(s)', 'hearer(s) + non-participant(s)', and 'speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s).
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons: 'speaker', 'hearer', 'non-participant', 'speaker + hearer(s)', 'speaker + non-participant(s)', 'hearer(s) + non-participant(s)', and 'speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s).