Universal #1463

Legacy number: 1463

 Number  1459
 Original  In no language is there a special form to denote a metaperson 'speaker+hearer(s)'.
 Standardized  In no language is there a special form to denote a metaperson 'speaker+hearer(s)'.
 Keywords  personal pronoun, person, 1st, speaker, hearer, inclusive
 Domain  inflection, syntax, lexicon
 Type  unconditional
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  400 world-wide distributed languages, see Sokolovskaja 1980: 98-99; Sokolovskaja surveyed systems of independent personal pronouns only.
 Source  Sokolovskaja 1980: 92, U 21

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Discussion
Counterexamples
And what about languages that have a 1INCL DU pronoun? (EF)
Notes
1. Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons:'speaker', 'hearer', 'non-participant', 'speaker + hearer(s)', 'speaker + non-participant(s)', 'hearer(s) + non-participant(s)', and 'speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s). 2. This universal is derived from #1464.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
1. Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons: 'speaker', 'hearer', 'non-participant', 'speaker + hearer(s)', 'speaker + non-participant(s)', 'hearer(s) + non-participant(s)', and 'speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s).

2. This universal is derived from <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1464"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">