Universal #1469

Legacy number: 1469

 Number  1465
 Original  If some form denotes the metaperson 'speaker + non-participant(s)', then
(a) in some languages it cannot include among its meanings any other metaperson;
(b) in some other languages it can also denote metapersons ' speaker + hearer(s)' and 'speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)', and for this casse universals <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1466"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1467"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0"> are valid.
 Standardized  IF a form denotes the metaperson 'speaker + non-participant(s)', THEN
(a) in some languages it cannot include among its meanings any other metaperson;
(b) in some other languages it can also denote metapersons 'speaker + hearer(s)' and 'speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)', and for this case universals <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1466"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1467"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0"> are valid.
 Keywords  personal pronoun, person, 1st, speaker, hearer, non-participant
 Domain  inflection, syntax, lexicon
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  statistical
 Basis  400 world-wide distributed languages, see Sokolovskaja 1980: 98-99; Sokolovskaja surveyed systems of independent personal pronouns only.
 Source  Sokolovskaja 1980: 93, U 28

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Discussion
Notes
Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons:'speaker', 'hearer', 'non-participant', 'speaker + hearer(s)', 'speaker + non-participant(s)', 'hearer(s) + non-participant(s)', and 'speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s).
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons: 'speaker', 'hearer', 'non-participant', 'speaker + hearer(s)', 'speaker + non-participant(s)', 'hearer(s) + non-participant(s)', and 'speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s).