Universal #1510

Legacy number: 1510

 Number  1506
 Original  Parameters for intransitive-based passives:
1 person > Volitional Human > Volitional Animate/Human > Animate & Potent > Inanimate > No Protagonist.

If a language has intransitive-based passives with (original) subjects of a certain class, it has intransitive-based passives with subjects of all the classes to the left of it.
 Standardized  IF there are intransitive-based passives with non-protagonist subjects, THEN there are such with inanimate subjects.
IF there are intransitive-based passives with INANIMATE subjects, THEN there are such with animate and potent subjects.
IF there are intransitive-based passives with animate and potent subjects, THEN there are such with volitional animate or human subjects.
IF there are intransitive-based passives with volitional animate or human subjects, THEN there are such with volitional human subjects.
IF there are intransitive-based passives with volitional human subjects, THEN there are such with 1st person subjects.
 Keywords  diathesis, passive, intransitive, subject, animacy
 Domain  inflection, syntax
 Type  implicational hierarchy
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  about 30 languages mentioned in Shibatani 1998
 Source  Shibatani 1998: 121

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Discussion
Notes
1. The most restricted are languages like English that do not permit impersonal passives. 2. Examples of languages where the particular class of subjects is a cut-off point for intransitive-based passives:1st person: Nepali;Volitional Human: German;Volitional Animate: Dutch, Flemish;Human: Turkish, Lithuanian;Animate & Potent: Japanese;Inanimate: Irish;No Protagonist: Lithuanian evidential passive.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
1. The most restricted are languages like English that do not permit impersonal passives.

2. Examples of languages where the particular class of subjects is a cut-off point for intransitive-based passives:
1st person: Nepali;
Volitional Human: German;
Volitional Animate: Dutch, Flemish;
Human: Turkish, Lithuanian;
Animate & Potent: Japanese;
Inanimate: Irish;
No Protagonist: Lithuanian evidential passive.