Universal #1588

Legacy number: 1588

 Number  1584
 Original  Semantic scale of inalienable possession:

kin terms and/or body parts > part-whole and/or spatial relations > culturally basic possessed items (e.g. arrows, domestic animals)
 Standardized  IF culturally basic possessed items are among ‘inalienables’, THEN part-whole and/or spatial relations are included in the ‘inalienable’ class as well.
IF part-whole and/or spatial relations are among ‘inalienables’, THEN kin terms and/or body parts are included in the ‘inalienable’ class as well.
 Formula  kin terms and/or body parts > part-whole and/or spatial relations > culturally basic possessed items
 Keywords  possession, inalienable, alienable, kinship
 Domain  inflection, syntax, semantics
 Type  implicational hierarchy
 Status  achronic
 Quality  absolute
 Basis  every language family and language isolate attested for North America (excluding only those six: Alsea, Beothuk, Cayuse, Kalapuyan, Molala, Yanan), also North Eurasian language families and several Australian languages
 Source  Nichols 1988: 572

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Discussion
Counterexamples
In Ewe (Kwa, Niger-Congo) and Mandarin (Sinitic, Sino-Tibetan), spatial orientation terms appear alone at the top of the hierarchy as the most inalienable category (Chappell & McGregor 1995: 8)
Notes
For four languages surveyed by Tsunoda (#1592) body parts (and not kin terms) appear to be the highest on the scale.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
For four languages surveyed by Tsunoda (<a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1592"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">) body parts (and not kin terms) appear to be the highest on the scale.