Universal #1791

Legacy number: 1791

 Number  1786
 Original  <img src="../img/graphics/1791.gif"alt="">
 Standardized  IF a vowel followed by a back velar nasal result in a nasal vowel, THEN a nasal vowel as the result of a vowel followed by a labial nasal already exists.
 Formula 
 Keywords  nasalization, nasal, vowel, velar, bilabial
 Domain  phonology
 Type  implication
 Status  diachronic
 Quality  statistical
 Basis  survey of 600 Chinese dialects in Chen 1974; 8 North Italian dialects: Bolognese, Cairese, Imoloese, Lughese, Ravennate, Riminese, Milanese, Bergamese; Rhaeto-Romance (Taveschan dialect); Latin (Hajek 1997)
 Source  Chen 1973c, Chen 1974: 912-13, Ruhlen 1973: 12, cited in Hajek 1997: 8, 161

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Discussion
Counterexamples
Lightner (1973) and Foley (1975, 1977) argue the exact opposite: nasal deletion (and the distinctive nasalization that normally results) spreads progressively in an ordered fashion from “weakest” (the velar nasal) to “strongest” (the bilabial nasal).
Notes
Connel & Hajek (1991), discussing the claim that there is a hierarchy governing the attrition of nasals according to place of articulation, argue that other factors may need to be taken account of, before a true universal tendency, if one exists, can be established. Among others are the relative durations of the consonants in question, their position within the word, and possibly the degre of nasality.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
Connel & Hajek 1991, discussing the claim that there is a hierarchy governing the attrition of nasals according to place of articulation, argue that other factors may need to be taken account of, before a true universal tendency, if one exists, can be established. Among others are the relative durations of the consonants in question, their position within the word, and possibly the degre of nasality.