Universal #1878

Legacy number: 1878

 Number  1873
 Original  Implicational patterns in the cross-linguistic coding of subordination:
(a) If there is elimination of Aspect, then there is elimination of Tense and Mood.
(b) If there is elimination of agreement, then there is elimination of Tense, Aspect, or Mood.
(c) If there is case/adposition marking, then there is elimination of Tense, Aspect, or Mood.
(d) If there is possessor/oblique coding, the there is elimination of Tense, Aspect, Mood or Agreement.
 Standardized  In the coding of subordination vis-a-vis that of non-subordinate clauses:
(a) If there is elimination of Aspect, then there is elimination of Tense and Mood.
(b) If there is elimination of agreement, then there is elimination of Tense, Aspect, or Mood.
(c) If there is case/adposition marking, then there is elimination of Tense, Aspect, or Mood.
(d) If there is possessor/oblique coding, the there is elimination of Tense, Aspect, Mood or Agreement.
 Keywords  clause combining, subordination, tense, aspect, mood, agreement, case, adposition, possessor, oblique
 Domain  syntax, inflection
 Type  implication
 Status  achronic
 Quality  statistical
 Basis  Acehnese (W Malayo-Polynesian), Ainu (isolate), Akan (Kwa, Niger-Congo), Arabic (Gulf) (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic), Arapesh (Torricelli), Banda Linda (Adamawa-Ubangi, Niger-Congo), Barasano (Tucanoan), Basque (isolate), Berbice Dutch Creole, Borana (Cushitic, Afro-Asiatic), Burushaski (isolate), Canela-Krahô (Ge), Mandarin Chinese (Sino-Tibetan), Diegueño (Hokan), Djapu (?), Ancient Egyptian (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic), Finnish (Finno-Ugric, Uralic), Fula (Atlantic, Niger-Congo), Gimira (Omotic, Afro-Asiatic), Classical Greek (Greek, IE), West Greenlandic (Eskimo, Eskimo-Aleut), Gumbaynggir, Guugu Yimidhirr (both Pama-Nyungan), Hixkaryana (Carib), Hittite (Anatolian, Indo-Hittite), Hmong Njua (Hmong Mien), Ho (Munda), Hurrian (isolate), Italian (Romance, IE), Jacaltec (Mayan), Kanuri (Saharan, Nilo-Saharan), Karimojong (Eastern Sudanic, Nilo-Saharan), Kayardild (Pama-Nyungan), Khasi (Mon-Khmer), Kobon (Trans-New Guinea), Kolokumi (Ijoid, Niger-Congo), Krongo (Kordofanian, Niger-Congo), Lango (Nilotic, Nilo-Saharan), Lezgian (NE Caucasian), Limbu (Tibeto-Burman), Makian (West) (West Papuan), Manarayi (Gunwingguan, Australian), Maori (Oceanic, E Malayo-Polynesian), Maricopa (Hokan), Muna (Sulawesi, W Malayo-Polynesian), Nama (Khoisan), Nandi (Bantu, Niger-Congo), Ngbaka (Adamawa-Ubangi, Niger-Congo), Nung (Tibeto-Burman), Piwan (Formosan, Austronesian), Paumarí (Arauan), Pero (Chadic, Afro-Asiatic), Pirahã (Mura), Punjabi (Indo-Aryan, IE), Huallaga Quechua (Andean), Resigaro (Arawak), Retuarã (Tucanoan), Sawu (Malayo-Polynesian), Shipibo-Conibo (Panoan), Shoshone (Tümpisa Panamint) (Uto-Aztecan), Slave (Na-Dene), Songhay (Nilo-Saharan), Sumerian (isolate), Supyire (Gur, Niger-Congo), Tagalog (W Malayo-Polynesian), Tamazight (Berber, Afro-Asiatic), Tamil (Dravidian), Tanghkul Naga (Tibeeto-Burman), Tarascan (isolate), Tok Pisin (English based, Creole), Turkish (Turkic, Altaic), Tzutujil (Mayan), Ute (Uto-Aztecan), Vai (Mande, Niger-Congo), Vietnamese (Mon-Khmer), Wargamay (Pama-Nyungan), Wayapi (Tupi), Yidi (Pama-Nyungan), Yoruba (Benue-Congo, Niger-Congo)
 Source  Cristofaro 2000

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Discussion
Notes
Cf. ##1879, 1880, 1881.
Comment
Frans Plank · 3 Aug 2006
Cf. <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1879"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1880"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">, <a class="innerLink" href="browse.php?entry_id=1881"><img src="../img/entry.gif" border="0">.